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Reported speech: Practice of tenses
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Tip1:hello
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ଟିପ୍
She said, \'I like ice-cream\'
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ସେ କହିଲା \'ମତେ ଆଇସ୍ କ୍ରିମ୍ ପସନ୍ଦ\'.
ଏହା ହେଉଛି 'direct speech' - ଆମେ ଜଣଙ୍କ ଦ୍ବାରା କୁହା ଯାଇଥିବା କଥାକୁ, ତାଙ୍କର (ବକ୍ତା ର) ଶବ୍ଦ ରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁଛୁ.
ଯେହେତୁ ବକ୍ତା ନିଜକୁ 'I' ର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସମ୍ବୋଧିତ କରୁଛି, ତେଣୁ ଯେବେ ଆମେ ବକ୍ତା ର ଶବ୍ଦ କୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ ବାକ୍ୟ ରେ 'I' ଲାଗିବ.
ଯେବେ ଆମେ ବକ୍ତା ର ଶବ୍ଦ ରେ କଥା ଟା ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ କୁହା ଯାଇଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟ କୁ \'inverted commas\' ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତି.
ଯେହେତୁ ବକ୍ତା ନିଜକୁ 'I' ର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସମ୍ବୋଧିତ କରୁଛି, ତେଣୁ ଯେବେ ଆମେ ବକ୍ତା ର ଶବ୍ଦ କୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ ବାକ୍ୟ ରେ 'I' ଲାଗିବ.
ଯେବେ ଆମେ ବକ୍ତା ର ଶବ୍ଦ ରେ କଥା ଟା ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ କୁହା ଯାଇଥିବା ବାକ୍ୟ କୁ \'inverted commas\' ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତି.
She said (that) she liked ice-cream
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ସେ କହିଲା କୁ ତାକୁ ଆଇସ୍ କ୍ରିମ୍ ପସନ୍ଦ.
ଏହିଟା ହେଉଛି 'reported speech' - ଆମେ ଜଣଙ୍କ ଦ୍ବାରା କୁହା ଯାଇଥିବା କଥାକୁ, ନିଜ ଶବ୍ଦ ରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁଛୁ.
ଏଠାରେ ବକ୍ତା ହେଉଛି 'she' (3rd person). ତେଣୁ ଯେବେ ଆମେ ତାର କୁହା ଯାଇ ଥିବା କଥା କୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ ଆମେ ତାକୁ 'she' ଦ୍ବାରା ସମ୍ବୋଧିତ କରୁ.
ଏଠାରେ ବକ୍ତା ହେଉଛି 'she' (3rd person). ତେଣୁ ଯେବେ ଆମେ ତାର କୁହା ଯାଇ ଥିବା କଥା କୁ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁ, ତେବେ ଆମେ ତାକୁ 'she' ଦ୍ବାରା ସମ୍ବୋଧିତ କରୁ.
ଟିପ୍
I said, 'I am the best student of the class'
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ମୁଁ କହିଲି, \'ମୁଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଭଲ ଛାତ୍ର ଅଟେ\'.
I said (that) I was the best student of the class = ମୁଁ କହିଲି କି ମୁଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଭଲ ଛାତ୍ର ଥିଲି.
ଏଠାରେ ଆପଣ ନିଜ ଦ୍ବାରା କୁହା ଯାଇ ଥିବା କଥା କୁ ରିପୋର୍ଟ୍ କରୁଛନ୍ତି. ଏଠାରେ ବକ୍ତା ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଆପଣ ନିଜେ (I).
ତେଣୁ Reported Speech ରେ Personal pronoun - 'I', ବଦଳିବ ନାହିଁ, କାରଣ ଆପଣ ନିଜ ଶବ୍ଦର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିକି କଥା କହିଲା ସମୟରେ ନିଜ କୁ 'I' କହିକି ସମ୍ବୋଧିତ କରିବେ.
ଟିପ୍
She told Neha, \'You are pretty\'
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ସେ ନେହାକୁ କହିଲା \'ତୁମେ ସୁନ୍ଦର\'.
ପ୍ରଥମ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଯେହେତୁ Direct speech ଅଛି, ଆମେ କଥା ଟାକୁ ବକ୍ତାର ଶବ୍ଦ ରେ ପୁନର୍ବାର କହୁଛୁ.
She told Neha that she was pretty
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ସେ ନେହାକୁ କହିଲା କି ସେ ହେଉଛି ସୁନ୍ଦର.
ଏଠାରେ 'You' -> 'She' କୁ ଏଇଥି ପାଇଁ ବଦଳେ, କାରଣ ରିପୋର୍ଟ୍ କରିବା ସମୟରେ, 'Neha' ହେଉଛି ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ 3rd person (ଅନ୍ୟ ପୁରୁଷ).
'Reported speech' ରେ ନେହା '2nd person' ଏଇଥି ପାଇଁ ନୁହେଁ କାରଣ ଆପଣ ସିଧା ତା ସହିତ କଥା ହେଉ ନାହାନ୍ତି.
ଏଠାରେ 'You' -> 'She' କୁ ଏଇଥି ପାଇଁ ବଦଳେ, କାରଣ ରିପୋର୍ଟ୍ କରିବା ସମୟରେ, 'Neha' ହେଉଛି ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ 3rd person (ଅନ୍ୟ ପୁରୁଷ).
'Reported speech' ରେ ନେହା '2nd person' ଏଇଥି ପାଇଁ ନୁହେଁ କାରଣ ଆପଣ ସିଧା ତା ସହିତ କଥା ହେଉ ନାହାନ୍ତି.
ଟିପ୍
Sachin said, \'I work in Delhi.\'
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ସଚିନ୍ କହିଲା \'ମୁଁ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ ରେ କାମ କରେ .\'
Direct Speech: Sachin said, \'I work in Delhi.\'
Sachin said (that) he worked in Delhi
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ସଚିନ୍ କହିଲା କି ସେ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ ରେ କାମ କରୁ ଥିଲା.
Reported speech: ଏଠାରେ 'work'->' worked' କୁ ବଦଳି ଗଲା କାରଣ 'Reported Speech' ର 'verb' (said) ଅତୀତ କାଳ ରେ ଅଛି. ଯେବେ ଆମେ 'direct speech' କୁ 'reported speech' କୁ ବଦଳି ଦେଉ, ତେବେ ଯଦି 'reported verb' (eg: said) ଅତୀତ କାଳ ରେ ଅଛି, ତାହାଲେ 'reported speech' ର 'tense', 'direct speech' ରେ ଦିଆ ଯାଇ ଥିବା 'tense' ର ଅତୀତ କାଳ ବନୀ ଜାଏ.
କେତେବେଳେ କେମିତି ଏହି ପ୍ରକାର ର ବାକ୍ୟ ଗୁଡିକ ରେ tense ବଦଳେ ନାହିଁ - ଏହା ସେତେବେଳେ ହୁଏ, ଯେବେ, ଆମେ ଯାହା କହୁଛୁ, ସେହା ହେଉଛି ସତ୍ୟ ବା କୌଣସି 'universal truth' हो (eg: The Sun is a star).
କେତେବେଳେ କେମିତି ଏହି ପ୍ରକାର ର ବାକ୍ୟ ଗୁଡିକ ରେ tense ବଦଳେ ନାହିଁ - ଏହା ସେତେବେଳେ ହୁଏ, ଯେବେ, ଆମେ ଯାହା କହୁଛୁ, ସେହା ହେଉଛି ସତ୍ୟ ବା କୌଣସି 'universal truth' हो (eg: The Sun is a star).
| 'I boil the water before drinking, he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ.; |
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He said that he is boiling the water before drinking.
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He said that he boiled the water before drinking.
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He said that he boil the water before drinking.
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He said that he was boiled the water before drinking.
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| 'I always drink coffee, she said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ ; |
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She said that she always drank coffee.
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She said that she always drink coffee.
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She said that she always drunk coffee.
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She said that she always dranked coffee.
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ଟିପ୍
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'Reported speech' ରେ ଅନୁବାଦ କରିବା ସମୟରେ 'tense' ଟା ସବୁବେଳେ, reported verb (says, said, told, said to) ଅନୁସାରେ ବଦଳି ଜାଏ.
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e.g. \'I work in Ahmedabad,\' he told.
He told me that he worked in Ahmedabad.
He says, \'I am going to the park.\'
He says that he is going to the park.
He said, \'I am going to the park.\'
He said that he was going to the park.
He said to me, \'I am going to the park\'
He told me that he was going to the park.
He told me that he worked in Ahmedabad.
He says, \'I am going to the park.\'
He says that he is going to the park.
He said, \'I am going to the park.\'
He said that he was going to the park.
He said to me, \'I am going to the park\'
He told me that he was going to the park.
| 'I am reading a book, he explained.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ ; |
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He explained that he was reads a book.
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He explained that he was readed a book.
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He explained that he was reading a book.
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He explained that he was read a book.
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| 'I am brushing my teeth, he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ.; |
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He said that he was brush his teeth.
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He said that he was brushes his teeth.
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He said that he was brushed his teeth.
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He said that he was brushing his teeth.
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| 'Zoya arrived on Monday, he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ ; |
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He said that Zoya had arrived on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arrives on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arriving on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arrive on Monday.
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| 'Dev borrowed my pen she said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ ; |
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She said that Dev had borrowed her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrows her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrow her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrowing her pen.
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| '\'I have been to the fruit market\', he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ. |
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He said that he had been to the fruit market.
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He said that he been to the fruit market.
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| 'I had just turned out the light,she explained.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ ; |
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She explained that she is turned out the light
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She explained that she has just turned out the light
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She explained that she will turned out the light
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She explained that she had just turned out the light
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| '\'We had gone out for lunch\',he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ |
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He said that they had gone out for lunch.
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He said that they is gone out for lunch.
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| 'We have been watching the TV since morning,he exclaimed.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ |
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He exclaimed that they had been wotching the TV since morning.
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He exclaimed that they had been watching the TV since morning.
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| '\'We have been sleeping for hours\', he said.' ର ସଠିକ୍ 'Reported Speech' ର ଚୟନ କରନ୍ତୁ. |
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He said that they are sleeping for hours.
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He said that they had been sleeping for hours.
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ସେମାନେ ମତେ କହିଲେ କି ସେମାନେ ଦିନ ବେଳା ଶୋଇ ଥିଲେ.
- sleeping in the day.
- that they being
- sleeps in the day
- that they had been
- that they were been
- They told me
ସେମାନେ ମତେ କହିଲେ କି ସେମାନେ କୋଲକାତା ରେ ରହୁ ଥିଲେ.
- They tells me that
- they were been
- they had been
- lives in Kolkata.
- living in Kolkata.
- They told me that
ସେ କହିଲା କି ସେ ରବିବାର ଦିନ ଅସମ୍ ରେ ଥିବ.
- on Sunday.
- he would be
- He said that
- at Sunday.
- in Assam
- will be
ସେ କହିଲା କି ସେ ତା ସହିତ ଆର ଶୁକ୍ରବାର ଦେଖା କରିବା କୁ ଯିବ.
- to meet her
- to meets her
- he said that
- next Friday.
- he will go
- he goes
'Direct ରୁ Reported Speech କୁ ବଦଳିବା ସମୟରେ tenses ଏହି ପ୍ରକାର ବଦଳନ୍ତି'^~^'typefacestyle'
| Direct | Reported Speech |
| Simple Present Tense | Simple Past Tense |
| Present Continuous Tense | Past Continuous Tense |
| Simple Past Tense | Past Perfect Tense |
| Present Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Tense |
| Past Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Tense |
| Future Tense | Present Conditional Tense |
| Future Continuous Tense | Conditional Continuous Tense |
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ଟିପ୍ |
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ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଶବ୍ଦ
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