पहले से ही
definition
adjective
neither of them had any firsthand knowledge of Andean culture
(of information or experience) from the original source or personal experience; direct.
translation of 'firsthand '
नया,
सीधा,
ताज़ा,
सीधे-सीधे बनाने वाले से प्राप्त,
प्रत्यक्ष
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Credits: Google Translate