longitudinal
纵
definition
adjective
longitudinal muscles
running lengthwise rather than across.
longitudinal positions
of or relating to longitude; measured from east to west.
example
The body of the esophagus begins at the lower edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle and contains two layers of muscle, the outer 'longitudinal' and the inner circular.
Morgan reviewed extensive 'longitudinal' studies and other research and found, to the chagrin of adoption opponents, that outcomes for adopted children are good.
The opening of the pylorus after it has contracted may represent, in part, the dilating effect of the contraction of the 'longitudinal' muscle layer of the stomach.
Knowledge of causal risk factors thus relies heavily on the results of experimental trials as opposed to even the most elegant observational, 'longitudinal' research.
Campylostoma exhibits rather rectilinear lateral 'longitudinal' ridges whereas those of Corazzatocarcinus n. gen. are sinuous.
The 'longitudinal' analyses in this study were based on the responses of these 150 students.
The subjects for this study were participating in a 'longitudinal' research project, the Utrecht Study of Adolescent Development.
Dormann and Zapf found only 10 studies that investigated work-related social support using a 'longitudinal' research design.
Future 'longitudinal' research can use family of origin retrospective reports over time to see if they change substantially.
The dorsal 'longitudinal' muscles (indicated by arrowhead) are clearly visible.
This motion must represent contraction of both the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the powerful 'longitudinal' muscle of the mucosa.
Reed's figures show surface ornament, but this consists of 'longitudinal' rather than transverse elements.
Nematodes move by contraction of the 'longitudinal' muscles.
The cuticle of the anterior margin of each segment is thickened towards the interior of the animal in order to form a pachycyclus for the attachment of 'longitudinal' muscles.
Such studies require 'longitudinal' measurement of individual behavior from adolescence through young adulthood.
The fibers of this thick muscle stratum all lie in the direction of the axis of the esophagus, making it, in effect, a second, strong, 'longitudinal' muscle layer.
Official maps of Taiwan currently include only approximate data on the islands' surface area and topography, as well as inexact data on their latitudinal and 'longitudinal' position.
It also includes 'longitudinal' and circular muscle fibers.
During the day, it has three dark 'longitudinal' stripes that run the length of the body.
Since he had a differentiated ectoderm separate from the gut, and also had a 'longitudinal' layer of muscle and bilateral symmetry, he probably had some degree of motility.
The timing of these variables may be particularly critical and need to be studied further in 'longitudinal' investigations.
In quantitative research, unless the research is 'longitudinal' in character, the person will be interviewed on one occasion only.
The upper one-third of the esophagus is striated muscle, and the remainder contains inner circular layers and outer 'longitudinal' layers of muscle.
Beyond the four limitations mentioned above, this study constitutes an interesting base for further 'longitudinal' researches.
Further 'longitudinal' research is clearly needed to clarify the potential role of early proactive aggression in the prediction of subsequent partner violence.
Flower coloration is mostly tan, with some external dark brown 'longitudinal' stripes on the sepals and lateral petals.
In this work, seizures were monitored by dorsal 'longitudinal' muscle activity.
This stretch is made possible by the presence of nitrergic inhibitory nerves, excited in a swallow, in both 'longitudinal' muscle layers within this short segment.
This result is a particular problem for rating scales, which tend to be cross sectional, rather than 'longitudinal' , in character.
A fruitful research design for intensified studies could be to do 'longitudinal' studies with the individuals as the focus.
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