subsistence
penghidupan
definition
noun
the minimum income needed for subsistence
the action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.
rights of occupation normally only continue during the subsistence of the marriage
the state of remaining in force or effect.
translation of 'subsistence'
noun
penghidupan,
nafkah hidup,
nafkah penghidupan
example
It's a very efficient dormitory facility and a secondary means of 'subsistence' for people who do other work.
rights of occupation normally only continue during the 'subsistence' of the marriage
No one complained of being late for work: most of the residents were unemployed and had lived here for years without visible means of 'subsistence' .
Their account of the shipwreck in Bermuda does not explain how the leader of the expedition managed to restore control when the island offered land for the taking and ready means of 'subsistence' .
Hence in order to encourage people off the land and away from 'subsistence' production, the incentive to produce for oneself and one's family had to be removed.
That preliminary record is then published with the object of inviting comments and objections from persons interested either in the subsistence of the right of way or to deny its 'subsistence' .
I wonder if these were partly caused by the urban residents themselves who have long since shown little concern, even disdain, for those who trade physical labour for 'subsistence' .
Somewhere back in China a factory manager is making a fortune, but the majority of people involved in eastern European trading earn barely the means of 'subsistence' .
There can be no real human liberation, Marx explained, unless the productivity of labour is so high that the majority of the population is no longer forced to spend most of its time trying to secure its means of 'subsistence' .
The issues to be resolved range from the grander puzzles of human evolution and speciation to parochial matters of 'subsistence' and trade.
'subsistence' expenses
For those who embarked on a literary career, the only recourse was to draw their 'subsistence' from the value of their writing when they signed their contract with a bookseller.
'subsistence' agriculture
Marriage was far less important for slave women than for white women; slave women, unlike their white counterparts, neither shared property with their husbands nor received 'subsistence' from them.
The average citizen, however, is fortunate if they provide him with 'subsistence' .
For women facing the uncertainty of cash remittances or declining income, 'subsistence' production becomes an important safety net.
Their means of 'subsistence' was almost always assured; the interest of the master coincided with their own on this point.
For a time, beginning in the 1920s, fox fur trading served as a supplement to 'subsistence' .
Hunting has traditionally been an important means of 'subsistence' in the Caucasus Mountain region.
Costs of living differ radically, and where 'subsistence' production accounts for a large part of the food supply, GNP grossly underestimates wealth.
Recent research has indicated that the technologically efficient British agriculture was producing, at least in grain, a large surplus over the 'subsistence' needs of its people.
The Parliament of landlords which took over politics in 1640 was not interested in preserving a peasantry engaged in 'subsistence' production.
Nor must it be forgotten that there were many European societies, even at the end of the eighteenth century, in which privileged groups thoroughly cornered all consumption above the 'subsistence' minimum.
The only duty to the former client which survives the termination of the client relationship is a continuing duty to preserve the confidentiality of information imparted during its 'subsistence' .
Alone among the New Deal agricultural agencies, they provided 'subsistence' and operating credit for farmers.
Women's wages were calculated on the assumption that they supplemented a family economy rather than providing individual 'subsistence' .
In a classic 'subsistence' economy, producers are in a direct conversation with nature and make limited demands on a variety of natural system elements.
Most notably, the United States has been removing formal requirements for copyright 'subsistence' , in line with the Berne Convention.
The principle that there is a perpetual tendency in the race of man to increase beyond the means of 'subsistence' is usually attributed to Malthus.
This implies among other things that the wage rate is equal to the 'subsistence' basket evaluated in production prices.
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