longitudinal
membujur
definition
adjective
longitudinal muscles
running lengthwise rather than across.
longitudinal positions
of or relating to longitude; measured from east to west.
example
The body of the esophagus begins at the lower edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle and contains two layers of muscle, the outer 'longitudinal' and the inner circular.
This result is a particular problem for rating scales, which tend to be cross sectional, rather than 'longitudinal' , in character.
Morgan reviewed extensive 'longitudinal' studies and other research and found, to the chagrin of adoption opponents, that outcomes for adopted children are good.
This motion must represent contraction of both the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the powerful 'longitudinal' muscle of the mucosa.
Nematodes move by contraction of the 'longitudinal' muscles.
Such studies require 'longitudinal' measurement of individual behavior from adolescence through young adulthood.
Four hundred male and female New Zealand police officers were invited to participate in a 'longitudinal' research project, involving the completion of two questionnaire surveys.
Since there are 'longitudinal' variations in muscle activity in most fish species, data from the anterior and posterior regions of the fish must be considered separately.
Flower coloration is mostly tan, with some external dark brown 'longitudinal' stripes on the sepals and lateral petals.
Reed's figures show surface ornament, but this consists of 'longitudinal' rather than transverse elements.
Interadambulacral contact facets lie beneath the ambulacral and overlie tissue depressions for the 'longitudinal' muscles that lower the arm.
Since he had a differentiated ectoderm separate from the gut, and also had a 'longitudinal' layer of muscle and bilateral symmetry, he probably had some degree of motility.
During walking, the epaxial muscles, organized into 'longitudinal' tracts, function to stabilize the vertebral column.
The timing of these variables may be particularly critical and need to be studied further in 'longitudinal' investigations.
The subjects for this study were participating in a 'longitudinal' research project, the Utrecht Study of Adolescent Development.
During the day, it has three dark 'longitudinal' stripes that run the length of the body.
This rendering shows a sharp contrast between the tongue's core, comprised of the vertical and transverse muscles, and its sheath of 'longitudinal' muscles.
The 'longitudinal' analyses in this study were based on the responses of these 150 students.
Future 'longitudinal' research can use family of origin retrospective reports over time to see if they change substantially.
Knowledge of causal risk factors thus relies heavily on the results of experimental trials as opposed to even the most elegant observational, 'longitudinal' research.
Last, it is important to note that the effect sizes for the 'longitudinal' analyses in this study were in the small-to-medium range.
In Drosophila, the presumptive central nervous system is specified at an early stage of embryonic development as two 'longitudinal' stripes of cells, just dorsal to the ventral mesoderm.
The opening of the pylorus after it has contracted may represent, in part, the dilating effect of the contraction of the 'longitudinal' muscle layer of the stomach.
Additional prospective, 'longitudinal' research is needed to further elucidate the experiences and outcomes associated with lung transplantation.
In this work, seizures were monitored by dorsal 'longitudinal' muscle activity.
First, the study relied on cross-sectional rather than 'longitudinal' data.
It might be argued that these reflections are somewhat risky, because the data from which the authors derive their findings are cross-sectional in research design terms rather than 'longitudinal' .
Dormann and Zapf found only 10 studies that investigated work-related social support using a 'longitudinal' research design.
Official maps of Taiwan currently include only approximate data on the islands' surface area and topography, as well as inexact data on their latitudinal and 'longitudinal' position.
Further 'longitudinal' research is clearly needed to clarify the potential role of early proactive aggression in the prediction of subsequent partner violence.
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